Accurate high-resolution carbon dioxide (CO2) emission data is of great significance for achieving global carbon neutrality. Here, we propose for the first time a near real-time global gridded daily carbon dioxide emissions dataset (GRACED) for fossil fuel and cement production, with a global spatial resolution of 0.1 ° x 0.1 ° and a temporal resolution of 1 day. Grid based fossil emissions are calculated for different industries based on the national daily carbon dioxide emissions from near real time datasets (carbon monitoring), spatial models from the Global Energy Infrastructure Emissions Database (GID) and the Global Atmospheric Research Emissions Database (EDGAR), and spatiotemporal models retrieved from satellite nitrogen dioxide (NO2) searches. Our research on global carbon dioxide emissions responds to the growing urgent need for high-quality, fine-grained, near real-time estimates of carbon dioxide emissions to support global emission monitoring at different spatial scales. We presented the spatial patterns of emission changes in the electricity, industrial, residential consumption, ground transportation, domestic and international aviation, and international shipping sectors from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. This helps to gain a deeper understanding of the relative contributions of each department.
(1) Starting from January 1, 2019, a near real-time dataset of daily carbon dioxide emissions from the global fossil fuel and cement production sectors, published under the name "Carbon Monitor" (data available at https://carbonmonitor.org/ ）.
(2) The 2019 0.1 ° high-resolution annual global sectoral carbon dioxide emissions data, based on an integrated framework of multiple data streams, released by the Global Carbon Grid, includes point sources, national level sectoral activities and emissions, as well as transportation emissions and distribution http://gidmodel.org .
(3) Global monthly gridded emissions in 2019, with a resolution of 0.1 °× 0.1 °, determined by EDGAR（ https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/overview.php?v=50_GHG ）Provide
(4) The Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the Sentinel-5 satellite, launched in October 2017, provides daily retrieval data on thermal chemical vapor deposition (TCVD) of nitrogen dioxide for 2019 and 2020.
We linked the emission monitoring department with the departments of GID and EDGAR. We believe that GID has the highest accuracy in locating emission sources, so we rely as much as possible on this database. However, for the domestic aviation, international aviation, and international shipping sectors, GID does not differentiate between the relevant domestic and international sub sectors: therefore, we directly use EDGAR's monthly spatial model to calculate the spatial distribution of these sectors.
Secondly, we conducted spatial grid processing. We use the global annual carbon dioxide emission spatial model of GID sub industry and the 2019 global monthly carbon dioxide emission spatial model of EDGAR sub industry to perform spatial dimensionality reduction on the national level daily emissions of Carbon Monitor. We assume that the spatial pattern of emissions remains unchanged after the last year of GID and EDGAR (2019). The validity of this assumption depends on the time span of the country and adjustment, and from 2019 to 2020, due to the significant differences in the impact time and degree of COVID-19 in different regions, emissions below the national level may rapidly change within a country. Therefore, for major emitters that have a significant impact on global total emissions, we use sub national proxy data based on TROPOMI NO2 retrieval data to allocate national carbon emissions to regional totals, and then perform a second 0.1 ° downscaling based on GID and EDGAR spatial models. This analysis can be continuously updated based on the latest high-resolution emission maps and other spatial proxy data every year.
The data quality is good.
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CSTR:11738.11.NCDC.FIGSHARE.DB6473.2024
10.6084/m9.figshare.12200390.v2