ChinaMet is a high-resolution (1 km) and long-term (1980–2024) meteorological driving dataset for China, developed by fusing multi-source remote sensing data, reanalysis products, and observational data from over 2,000 meteorological stations. The dataset includes eight meteorological variables: precipitation (pre), mean 2-meter air temperature (tmpmean), maximum temperature (tmpmax), minimum temperature (tmpmin), 10-meter wind speed (wind), relative humidity (rhu), surface pressure (pres), and potential evapotranspiration (pet). The data span 1980–2024 with spatial resolutions of 0.1° and 0.01°, and temporal resolutions of annual/monthly/daily. Each file is named as ChinaMet_%S_%V_%T.nc”, ‘%S’ represents the data space resolution, ‘%V’ represents the variable name, and ‘%T’ represents the time, e.g., 1982_01_01.
Meteorological station observations were sourced from the China Meteorological Administration (CMA). Fused remote sensing precipitation products include IMERG, SM2RAIN-ASCAT, and CMORPH. Reanalysis data utilized the ERA5-Land product from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Additional remote sensing inputs include AVHRR NDVI and MODIS land surface temperature data.
The dataset was developed using knowledge-guided machine learning combined with climate-field-assisted spatial downscaling techniques. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) is provided in two versions: petHG (estimated via the Hargreaves method) and petPM (derived using the Penman-Monteith method).
The temporal and spatial resolution and accuracy of the data are better than those of similar products.
| # | number | name | type |
| 1 | 42271286 | National Natural Science Foundation of China | |
| 2 | 2023454 | 2023454 | other |
| 3 | 23ZDKA0004 | 甘肃省科技计划 | other |
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CSTR:11738.11.NCDC.NIEER.DB6722.2025
10.12072/ncdc.nieer.db6722.2025